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April 23, 2025

Investment Advisory

Active vs. Passive Portfolio Management: Why Active Management Still Holds an Edge in Indian Markets

by Dr. Karthik S

In recent years, the global investing conversation has tilted in favor of passive investment strategies—low-cost index funds that track broader markets without attempting to outperform them. However, in the Indian context, active portfolio management still holds compelling merit, particularly in the current market environment.

At Entrust, our Investment Advisory team continues to closely monitor and evaluate this dynamic, and our conclusion is clear: active investing remains a strong strategy today.

Why Active Makes Sense Now

India is still a market where information arbitrage exists—there are meaningful gaps in how quickly and widely financial information is disseminated. This gives skilled fund managers the opportunity to spot value early, avoid potential pitfalls, and selectively invest in companies with strong fundamentals and growth potential. Passive funds, by design, cannot do this. In such an environment, active investment strategies are better positioned to capture alpha and manage risks proactively, offering investors a competitive edge.

Moreover, during weak or volatile markets, actively managed funds tend to limit downside better than passive strategies. Index-based investments follow the market wherever it goes—up or down. In contrast, active fund managers have the ability to move to cash, avoid overvalued sectors, or double down on undervalued opportunities, all of which can protect investor capital. 

The Performance Backing the View

Let’s take a look at recent data that illustrates the performance gap between actively managed funds and their respective benchmarks: 

Category 3 Years Alpha (3Y) 5 Years Alpha (5Y) Benchmark
Nippon India Large Cap 18.88% 7.71% 19.35% 3.91% Nifty 100 TRI
ICICI Pru Bluechip 15.66% 4.49% 18.53% 3.09% Nifty 100 TRI
HDFC Flexicap 22.01% 8.77% 22.76% 5.01% Nifty 500 TRI
Parag Parikh Flexicap 17.43% 4.19% 24.78% 7.03% Nifty 500 TRI
HDFC Midcap Opportunities 24.84% 4.57% 26.93% 1.55% Nifty Midcap 150 TRI
Kotak Multicap 24.07% 10.83% NA NA Nifty 500 TRI
Nippon India Small Cap 23.06% 4.99% 32.38% 5.88% Nifty Smallcap 250 TRI
Average 6.51% 4.41%
Nifty 50 TRI 9.52% 13.83% Index
Nifty 100 TRI 11.17% 15.44% Index
Nifty 500 TRI 13.24% 17.75% Index
Nifty Midcap 150 TRI 20.27% 25.38% Index
Nifty Next 50 TRI 15.10% 18.00% Index
Nifty Smallcap 250 TRI 18.07% 26.50% Index
Nifty200 Momentum TRI 14.35% 21.29% Factor
Nifty 100 Low Volatility 30 TRI 14.75% 18.10% Factor
Nifty 200 Quality 30 TRI 13.02% 16.97% Factor

Across the board, average alpha from these schemes is over 6.5% for 3 years and over 4.4% for 5 years, a significant outperformance compared to their benchmarks. This reinforces our belief that in India, well-managed active portfolios still offer a clear advantage. 

This isn’t to say passive investing doesn’t have a role. For broad market exposure at low cost, especially in efficient global markets, passive funds are a smart choice. They work well as part of a core-satellite portfolio strategy, where passive funds form the core and active funds are used tactically to seek alpha.

But for investors looking to beat the market or protect capital in turbulent times, passive funds may fall short. As our analysis shows, passive investment strategies at best trail the market. For better downside protection and superior returns, active management remains the only real bet—especially in an emerging market like India. 


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